Ulama Regeneration through Tafaqquh fi al-Din in Pesantren Education

Abstract

Ulama regeneration through pesantren education has become a strategic agenda in responding to the crisis of religious authority and the challenges of the modern era. This study explores the model of ulama cadre development within the tafaqquh fi al-din framework in two pesantren in Indonesia, focusing on epistemological reconstruction, curriculum innovation, technology integration, and structural and cultural barriers. The research method used is a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data collection techniques include participant observation, in-depth interviews at Pesantren Gubuk Taqrib and Pesantren Nurul Falah in Bojonegoro, and document analysis, which were analyzed thematically. The results show that the concept of tafaqquh fi al-din has expanded its meaning from mere mastery of texts to the ability to contextualize religious knowledge with contemporary social realities. Curriculum innovation combines traditional methods such as sorogan and halaqah with modern pedagogical approaches such as project-based learning and scientific debate. Pesantren also utilizes digital technology to expand the reach of da'wah and strengthen Islamic literacy. However, challenges such as the perceived decline in the prestige of ulama, unclear state policies regarding pesantren, and a tendency toward epistemic closure hinder regeneration. This study emphasizes the importance of a new, post-traditional model of ulama: rooted in tradition, open to change, and capable of leading in a complex and pluralistic society.